Smart swaps

Missing something?
Keep cooking.

Practical substitutions for everyday cooking, with the tradeoffs explained.

A swap is not always one-to-one.

Baking, allergies, and specialized diets leave less room for improvising. Check product labels and use a recipe developed for your dietary need when safety matters.

If you’re missingTry thisWhat to know
ButtermilkMilk + acid

For 1 cup, add 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar to milk, then let it stand briefly.

Egg in bakingGround flax + water

For binding in simple bakes, mix 1 tablespoon ground flax with 3 tablespoons water. It will not behave like egg in every recipe.

Soy sauceTamari

Use a similar amount, then taste. Salt levels vary by brand.

Rice vinegarApple cider vinegar

Start with slightly less and add a pinch of sugar if the flavor is too sharp.

Fresh garlicGarlic powder

Start with 1/8 teaspoon powder for each small clove, then adjust to taste.

Fresh herbsDried herbs

Start with about one-third of the fresh amount. Add dried herbs earlier so they can hydrate.

CornstarchAll-purpose flour

Use roughly twice as much flour for thickening, mixed with cold water first. The result will be less glossy.

Heavy creamEvaporated milk

Useful in many sauces and soups, but it will not whip like heavy cream.

Lime juiceLemon juice

Usually a direct swap in savory cooking. Taste before adding the full amount.

BreadcrumbsCrushed crackers or oats

Use crushed crackers for coating or binding; pulse oats first for a finer texture.

Coconut milkStock + nut butter

For savory sauces, combine stock with a spoonful of smooth nut or seed butter for body.

ParmesanNutritional yeast

It adds savory flavor but not the same melt or salt. Season separately.